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October 19, 2026
Announcing AA-PersonalityBench: measuring how AI models communicate
AA-PersonalityBench measures the personality and communication style of AI models. A panel of LLM judges compares answers to the same question pairwise on 30 personality traits, which roll into 8 personality indexes: Expressiveness, Organization, Informativeness, Transparency, Warmth, Conviction, Imagination and Slop. We also measure 21 communication characteristics (e.g., response length, structure, punctuation and emphasis) programmatically from models' responses.
AA-PersonalityBench resultsRead the methodology
AA-PersonalityBench Personality Indexes
Personality Indexes
Each axis is one of 8 personality indexes: the mean of its traits’ Elo z-scores, percentile ranked from 1 to 100 across all models evaluated in the benchmark
9 of 36 models
Claude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)Claude Fable 5.1 (max with fallback)GPT-6 Astra (max)Gemini 4 Argon (high)Muse Wonder (max)GPT-6.1 Sol (max)Grok 4.7 (xhigh)MiMo-V2.6-ProGLM-5.3 (max)
Each axis is one of the 8 personality indexes, percentile ranked from 1 to 100 across every model evaluated in the benchmark.
For up-to-date results see the AA-PersonalityBench evaluation page
Example Questions, Responses, and Grading
Explore the 5 public AA-PersonalityBench questions, with answers from the highlighted models. Each answer is judged pairwise against other models’ answers to the same question, on that question’s trait. The grading shown is for one question; trait scores use all 30 questions for each trait.
Question 1HumorousQuestion 2TruthfulQuestion 3StructuredQuestion 4SycophanticQuestion 5Eloquent
QuestionJudged on Humorous
What's the weirdest social norm we all just accept?
ModelClaude Opus 5.5 (Max, Default Fallback)
Compare models
Model response
My pick is how we behave when we're physically close to strangers.
On a packed train you can be pressed against someone closely enough to smell their shampoo, and the rule is that you both pretend the other person doesn't exist. Elevators are even stranger. Everyone files in, turns to face the door, and stares at the floor numbers like they're the season finale of something.
The sociologist Erving Goffman called this "civil inattention": a brief glance to acknowledge someone's there, then eyes away to signal "I'm not a threat, and I'm not interested in you." It's actually a clever solution to an awkward situation. But zoom out and it's bizarre: a dozen humans in a metal box, silently agreeing to act like furniture.
It's also surprisingly arbitrary. In a 1962 Candid Camera stunt, people stepped into elevators where actors were all facing the back wall, and they quietly turned around to match them.
Some runners-up:
Birthday candles: We have someone blow forcefully across a cake everyone's about to eat, then we applaud. (Someone studied it. The frosting does not come out ahead.)
"How are you?": It's a direct question where answering honestly counts as breaking the rules.
Lawns: We grow a plant we can't eat, aren't allowed to let grow, and must cut every week. It's a leftover status symbol from European aristocrats flaunting land they didn't need to farm.
Salary secrecy: We treat pay as taboo, a norm that mostly benefits whoever signs the paychecks, even though in the US most employees are legally protected when they discuss it.
The tooth fairy: We tell kids a stranger sneaks into their bedroom at night to buy their body parts.
What's yours?
Grading summary
How AA-PersonalityBench works
Two models can give equally correct answers and still feel very different to use. We designed AA-PersonalityBench to measure such differences: scores describe how a model writes by default (with no system prompt) and traits can be positive, neutral, or negative depending on subjective preferences, so we measure how strongly each one shows, not whether it is desirable.
1
Model Questions and Responses
There are 30 questions per each of the 30 traits (900 total).
ModelsClaude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)
Claude Fable 5.1 (max with fallback)
GPT-6 Astra (max)
Gemini 4 Argon (high)
+ 31 more models
30 traits × 30 questions = 900 questionsEvery model answers all 900 questions once.
About the questionsSome questions gently encourage the model to exhibit the trait while others are more neutral
Each question is sent as a single user message, with no system prompt, to evaluate default model behavior
As part of the question design process, we investigated judge tie rates to ensure the questions drew out measurable differences between models on the selected traits
We have made the full set of questions private to avoid benchmark contamination but publish 2 sample questions per trait
Both the judged traits and the communication characteristics are evaluated on the model responses to these questions
Example questions for every trait
2
Pairwise Judging
Judges from a panel of LLM judges are assigned to compare model responses pairwise.
1. Input: model response pairsBlind comparisons
2. Pairwise judgingOne judge from the panel
3. Output: judge verdictA, B or tie
Question · Friendly“My sibling and I haven't spoken in years over something that seems small now. Should I be the one to reach out?”
Answer AModel hidden
Answer BModel hidden
Shows more Friendly
Judge 1Judge 2Judge 3Verdict: Answer B
ABOUT JUDGINGBlind comparisonsThe judge sees the trait, its definition, the question and the two answers, but no model names. Reasoning text is not shown to the judges, only the output
Randomized orderWe always randomize the order of model responses provided to the judge to avoid position bias
Panel of judgesEach comparison is judged by one member of a panel of LLM judges, with each model’s comparisons balanced across the panel
3
Trait Scores
Elos are reported as percentile ranks and 95% confidence intervals are calculated by refitting resamples of the verdicts.
FriendlyElo, anchor model = 1000
Claude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)10771049–110769
Gemini 4 Argon (high)10591030–108766
Claude Fable 5.1 (max with fallback)10471014–107663
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)10411010–107060
GPT-6 Astra (max)1001972–103152
Shows less1000Shows more
Elo (95% CI)Percentile
Elo: how strongly the model exhibits the trait95% confidence intervalPercentileRank among all models, from 1 (least) to 100 (most)
We calculate 95% confidence intervals. When the bounds overlap, the models are not definitively different
4
Personality Indexes
The 30 personality traits roll up into 8 personality indexes by averaging trait z-scores. Sycophantic is inverted in the Transparency index.
Expressiveness · 5Organization · 4Informativeness · 5Transparency · 5Warmth · 4Conviction · 4Imagination · 2Slop · 1
Trait Eloz-scoreAverageIndex 1–100
Warmth indexFriendlyinvertedHumorousinvertedSincereinvertedEmotionally IntelligentinvertedMean z-scoreIndex
Claude Fable 5.1 (max with fallback)+0.2+1.2+1.8+1.2+1.194
Claude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)+0.4+1.1+1.0+0.7+0.880
Gemini 4 Argon (high)+0.3+1.8−0.6+0.3+0.571
GPT-6 Astra (max)0.0+0.2+0.8+0.6+0.468
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)+0.2+0.2+0.7+0.2+0.365
z-scores and the index scale are computed across all models, not just those shown
5
Communication Characteristics
21 communication characteristics are also programmatically measured from the models' responses across all questions.
Example response (illustrative)Why Rome fellHeading
The western empire fell in AD 476. There’s no single cause, but historians usually point to three:
ListOverstretched borders: defending them drained the treasury.
Political chaos: 26 emperors in 50 years!
Economic strain: heavy taxes (and debased coins) hit trade.
It was a slow decline, not a sudden collapse 🏛️
Want me to go deeper on any of these?
Length
Structure
Punctuation
Emphasis
EmphasisHighlighted: bold, italics, emoji, acronyms and the closing question
Bold text3
Italics1
Emojis1
Acronyms1
Ends with a questionYes
Average bold text per response, across all 900 questionsClaude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)11.8
Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)10.0
Claude Fable 5.1 (max with fallback)8.7
GPT-6 Astra (max)8.8
Gemini 4 Argon (high)17.2
Personality Traits
30 personality traits judged pairwise by a panel of LLM judges, one index per tab. Cells show each model's percentile rank on each trait, from 1 to 100 across all models evaluated in the benchmark.
ExpressivenessOrganizationInformativenessTransparencyWarmthConvictionImaginationSlop
Expressiveness Traits
Rich, varied, well-crafted language · Each trait’s Elo percentile ranked from 1 to 100 across all models evaluated in the benchmark
9 of 36 models
Communication Characteristics
21 metrics measured directly from each response, separate from the judged traits. Cells show the average per response, colored by its percentile rank across all models evaluated in the benchmark.
LengthStructurePunctuationEmphasis
Communication Characteristics: Length
How long each response tends to be: character, word, sentence, and paragraph counts, plus average sentence length.
9 of 36 models
* Words per sentence, not average per response.
Emergent Model Families & Clusters
Models are compared across all 30 personality traits, or all 21 communication characteristics, and grouped together. The closer the model branches meet, the more alike those models are.
Emergent Personality FamiliesEmergent Communication FamiliesModel Personality ClustersModel Communication Clusters
Emergent Personality Families
Models are similar in personality and clustered closely when the correlation of their 30 trait Elo z-scores is high. Starting from single models, the tree repeatedly joins the two groups with the smallest average distance, whether models or clusters.
24 of 36 models
Compare models
Each bar shows the probability that one model's answer is preferred over the other's on that trait, based on their Elo gap. 50% is an even match.
Model AClaude Opus 5.5 (Max, Default Fallback)
vsModel BClaude Sonnet 5.5 (Max, Default Fallback)
Shuffle
ExpressivenessOrganizationInformativenessTransparencyWarmthConvictionImaginationSlop
AA-PersonalityBench: Expressiveness Index, Claude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback) vs Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)
Chance each model’s answer is judged to show more of each trait from their Elo gap · 50% is an even match
Claude Opus 5.5 (max with fallback)Claude Sonnet 5.5 (max with fallback)
Lexically Varied
83%
17%
Eloquent
77%
23%
Natural Sounding
73%
27%
Metaphorical
69%
31%
Literate
61%
39%
You can also build your own personality ranking by picking and weighting any of the 30 traits on the AA-PersonalityBench evaluation page.
AA-PersonalityBench resources
The leaderboards and full results live on the AA-PersonalityBench evaluation page, with a page for every trait and index
The methodology page documents the full implementation, including the judge prompts, the Elo fit and how indexes are computed
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